From: Mapping of health technology assessment in China: a comparative study between 2016 and 2021
Item | Mean score (SD) | Statistics†| |
---|---|---|---|
in 2016 (n = 183) | in 2021 (n = 183) | ||
I. Institutionalization (n = 116, in 2016; n = 130, in 2021) |  |  |  |
 1. Interest in HTA expressed by government/policy makers which can be retrieved in official documents | 1.78 (0.80) | 2.22 (0.77) | − 4.455** |
 2. Commitment toward HTA from government/policy makers and it is expressed in official documents | 1.38 (0.95) | 1.63 (0.90) | − 2.134* |
 3. Public money (funding) is allocated to HTA as expressed in official documents | 1.26 (0.92) | 1.22 (0.94) | 0.365 |
 4. Willingness to commit public money (funding) to HTA as expressed in official documents | 1.13 (0.98) | 1.17 (0.93) | − 0.330 |
 5. Support for HTA from several stakeholders as expressed in publicly available documents | 1.90 (0.87) | 2.27 (0.61) | − 3.856** |
 6. Organizational structure and institutional set-up in place | 1.26 (0.90) | 1.50 (1.04) | − 1.952 |
 7. International network strategy available | 1.76 (0.87) | 1.85 (0.60) | − 0.988 |
 8. Availability of human resource development | 1.81 (0.82) | 2.17 (0.88) | − 3.289** |
II. Identification | Â | Â | Â |
 1. Monitoring system(s) to identify technologies in need of assessment in place | 1.98 (1.02) | 1.51 (1.10) | 4.237** |
 2. Other activities involving identification are performed | 1.99 (0.89) | 1.98 (0.76) | 0.127 |
III. Priority setting | Â | Â | Â |
 1. Explicit and transparent criteria and procedures | 1.99 (0.91) | 1.92 (0.68) | 0.915 |
 2. Process reflects the goals of the program | 2.11 (0.86) | 2.01 (0.76) | 1.222 |
 3. Stakeholder involvement is included | 2.18 (0.95) | 2.21 (0.77) | − 0.363 |
 4. Information on priorities is set | 2.08 (0.94) | 1.89 (0.82) | 2.144* |
 5. System(s) in place to review the international evidence base to set |  |  |  |
priorities | 1.96 (0.77) | 1.55 (0.66) | 5.484** |
 6. Processes and outcomes of priority setting are evaluated | 2.05 (0.85) | 2.10 (0.65) | − 0.622 |
IV. Assessment | Â | Â | Â |
 1. Do the goal and scope of HTAs have a clear description of the following? |  |  |  |
  (a) Healthcare problem(s) | 1.80 (0.70) | 1.55 (0.72) | 3.472* |
  (b) Patient population | 1.93 (0.72) | 1.58 (0.75) | 4.632** |
  (c) Practitioners or users | 2.05 (0.76) | 1.89 (0.70) | 2.074* |
  (d) Healthcare setting(s) | 1.92 (0.72) | 1.88 (0.61) | 0.630 |
 2. Do HTAs include alternative technologies? |  |  |  |
  (a) Description and technical characteristics of health technology under study, its alternatives, and current use | 2.05 (0.53) | 1.83 (0.45) | 4.469** |
 3. Do HTAs assess the following? |  |  |  |
  (a) Safety and clinical effectiveness | 1.48 (0.58) | 1.27 (0.48) | 3.725** |
  (b) Cost and cost-effectiveness | 1.72 (0.72) | 1.49 (0.56) | 3.391* |
  (c) Ethical analysis | 2.02 (0.91) | 2.12 (0.80) | − 1.102 |
  (d) Organizational analysis | 2.03 (0.92) | 2.23 (0.72) | − 2.408* |
  (e) Social-cultural aspects | 2.09 (1.03) | 2.03 (1.01) | 0.514 |
  (f) Legal aspects | 1.98 (0.86) | 2.01 (0.63) | − 0.415 |
 4. Do HTAs incorporate standardized methods? |  |  |  |
  (a) Collection of new primary data | 1.92 (0.73) | 1.84 (0.94) | 0.937 |
  (b) Performance of systematic review or meta-analysis | 1.84 (0.74) | 1.56 (0.55) | 4.017** |
  (c) Literature searches using key HTA databases | 1.88 (0.72) | 1.72 (0.55) | 2.454* |
  (d) Classify and critically appraise the quality of the available studies | 1.98 (0.75) | 1.90 (0.51) | 1.303 |
 5. Do HTAs address generalizability and transferability? |  |  |  |
  (a) Addressing generalizability and transferability | 2.3 (0.56) | 2.23 (0.66) | 0.944 |
V. Appraisal | Â | Â | Â |
 1. Explicit, transparent, and replicable process | 1.98 (0.86) | 2.24 (0.63) | − 3.279* |
 2. Specification of stakeholder involvement | 2.13 (0.90) | 2.21 (0.73) | − 1.024 |
 3. Mechanism(s) for appeal | 2.06 (1.11) | 1.90 (1.06) | 1.397 |
VI. Reporting | Â | Â | Â |
 1.reporting |  |  |  |
  (a) Use of guideline | 2.28 (0.65) | 2.34 (0.72) | − 0.912 |
 2. Number of reports |  |  |  |
  (a) Over the last year‡ | 2.93 (1.01) | 2.70 (0.71) | 2.564* |
  (b) Reports related to NRDL over the last year‡ | 3.09 (1.35) | 3.09 (0.89) | 0.000 |
VII. Dissemination of findings and conclusions | Â | Â | Â |
 1. Timeliness |  |  |  |
  (a) HTA report is disseminated to decision makers before decision making | 2.38 (0.82) | 2.15 (0.79) | 2.726* |
 2. Dissemination strategy |  |  |  |
  (a) Content, target audience, and method of communication | 2.08 (0.83) | 2.28 (0.72) | − 2.493* |
  (b) Differentiate strategies for different subjects | 2.08 (0.83) | 2.34 (0.63) | − 3.325* |
  (c) Involvement of advisory groups | 1.93 (0.77) | 2.10 (0.68) | − 2.308* |
VIII. Implementation in policy and practice | Â | Â | Â |
 1. Informing policy and practice |  |  |  |
  (a) Existence of an administrative framework or link to regulatory process | 2.42 (0.70) | 2.37 (0.63) | 0.628 |
  (b) Availability of one or more implementation plans | 2.42 (0.61) | 2.30 (0.76) | 1.746 |
 2. Measuring HTA impact |  |  |  |
  (a) System(s) in place to monitor and evaluate the impact of HTA | 2.38 (0.92) | 2.33 (0.97) | 0.442 |